[et_pb_section bb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Header – All Pages” transparent_background=”off” background_color=”#1e73be” allow_player_pause=”off” inner_shadow=”off” parallax=”off” parallax_method=”off” padding_mobile=”off” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” make_equal=”off” use_custom_gutter=”off” gutter_width=”3″ custom_padding=”||0px|” next_background_color=”#FFFFFF” custom_padding_tablet=”50px|0|50px|0″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” inner_width=”auto” inner_max_width=”1080px” global_module=”1221″][et_pb_row admin_label=”row” global_parent=”1221″ background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” background_size=”initial” width=”80%” max_width=”1080px”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ global_parent=”1221″ custom_padding__hover=”|||” custom_padding=”|||” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_post_title global_parent=”1221″ title=”on” meta=”off” author=”on” date=”on” categories=”on” comments=”on” featured_image=”off” featured_placement=”below” parallax_effect=”on” parallax_method=”on” text_orientation=”left” text_color=”light” text_background=”off” text_bg_color=”rgba(255,255,255,0.9)” module_bg_color=”rgba(255,255,255,0)” title_all_caps=”off” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” title_font=”|on|||” title_font_size=”35″ custom_padding=”10px|||” parallax=”on” background_color=”rgba(255,255,255,0)” /][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section bb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”off” specialty=”off” transparent_background=”off” allow_player_pause=”off” inner_shadow=”off” parallax=”off” parallax_method=”off” custom_padding=”0px||0px|” padding_mobile=”on” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” make_equal=”off” use_custom_gutter=”off” gutter_width=”3″ prev_background_color=”#1e73be” next_background_color=”#ffffff” custom_padding_tablet=”0px||0px|” inner_width=”auto” inner_max_width=”1080px” global_module=”1228″][et_pb_row global_parent=”1228″ make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” use_custom_gutter=”off” gutter_width=”3″ custom_padding=”0px||0px|” padding_mobile=”off” allow_player_pause=”off” parallax=”off” parallax_method=”off” make_equal=”off” column_padding_mobile=”on” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” background_size=”initial” width=”80%” max_width=”1080px”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ global_parent=”1228″ custom_padding__hover=”|||” custom_padding=”|||” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_text global_parent=”1228″ background_layout=”light” text_orientation=”left” text_font_size=”14″ use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” background_size=”initial”]
[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section bb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Video Heading – Sections” fullwidth=”off” specialty=”off” transparent_background=”off” background_color=”#ffffff” allow_player_pause=”off” inner_shadow=”off” parallax=”off” parallax_method=”off” padding_mobile=”off” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” make_equal=”off” use_custom_gutter=”off” gutter_width=”3″ custom_padding_tablet=”50px|0|50px|0″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” prev_background_color=”#FFFFFF” next_background_color=”#FFFFFF” inner_width=”auto” inner_max_width=”1080px”][et_pb_row make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” use_custom_gutter=”off” gutter_width=”3″ padding_mobile=”off” allow_player_pause=”off” parallax=”off” parallax_method=”off” make_equal=”off” column_padding_mobile=”on” background_color=”#c6c6c6″ custom_padding=”10px|10px|10px|10px” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” background_size=”initial” width=”80%” max_width=”1080px”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ custom_padding__hover=”|||” custom_padding=”20px|||10px” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Section Introduction Video Heading” background_layout=”dark” text_orientation=”left” text_font_size=”14″ use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” text_text_color=”#ffffff” background_color=”#1e73be” custom_padding=”0px||0px|20px” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” background_size=”initial”]
Section 22 – Introduction
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Section 22 – Analysis
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Section 22 – Analysis
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Section 22 – Analysis
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- Section 1
- Section 2
- Section 3
- Section 4
- Section 5
- Section 6
- Section 7
- Section 8
- Section 9
- Section 10
- Section 11
- Section 12
- Section 13
- Section 14
- Section 15
- Section 16
- Section 17
- Section 18
- Section 19
- Section 20
- Section 21
- Section 22
- Section 23
- Section 24
- Section 25
- Section 26
- Section 27
- Section 28
- Section 29
- Section 30
- Section 31
- Section 32
- Section 33
- Section 34
- Section 35
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- Section 1
- Section 2
- Section 3
- Section 4
- Section 5
- Section 6
- Section 7
- Section 8
- Section 9
- Section 10
- Section 11
- Section 12
- Section 13
- Section 14
- Section 15
- Section 16
- Section 17
- Section 18
- Section 19
- Section 20
- Section 21
- Section 22
- Section 23
- Section 24
- Section 25
- Section 26
- Section 27
- Section 28
- Section 29
- Section 30
- Section 31
- Section 32
- Section 33
- Section 34
- Section 35
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Section Downloads
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Section 22-Liabilities and Equity.
22.1.1 Extract from FRS 102 – Section 22.1-22.2.
22.2 Classification of an instrument as liability or equity.
22.2.1 Extract from FRS 102 – Section 22.3.
22.2.2.1 Definition of financial liability.
22.2.2.2 Definition of equity.
22.2.3 Accounting treatment of instruments classified as debt
22.2.5 Treatment of dividend on instruments classified as equity.
22.2.6 Examples illustrating whether an instrument meets the definition of debt or equity.
22.2.6.1 Redeemable preference shares at option of the holder with mandatory coupon.
22.2.6.2 Non-redeemable preference shares with mandatory coupon at market rate.
22.2.6.4 Shares/loan notes redeemable at the option of the holder
22.2.6.5 Non-redeemable preference shares with discretionary dividend.
22.2.6.6 Redeemable preference shares at option of issuer with discretionary dividend.
22.2.6.7 Redeemable preference shares at option of issuer with mandatory.
22.2.6.9.1 Treatment of difference between present value ad actual amount subscribed for
22.2.6.13 Fixed for fixed arrangement
22.2.6.14 Equity issued in return for a forward contract to issue foreign currency.
22.3.2.2 Contingency element is not genuine.
22.3.2.3 contingency occurring on liquidation.
22.3.2.5 Examples of uncertain future/changed events outside the control of the issuer
22.3.2.6 Example of instruments to be classified as a debt or equity.
22.4 Original issue of shares or other equity instruments.
22.4.1 Extract from FRS 102 – Section 22.7-22.10.
22.4.2 OmniPro comment – Accounting treatment
22.4.2.4 Examples of share issues – accounting treatment
22.5 Exercise of options, rights and warrants.
22.5.1 Extract from FRS 102 – Section 22.11.
22.6 Capitalisation or bonus issues of shares and share splits.
22.6.1 Extract from FRS 102 – Section 22.12.
22.7.1 Extract from FRS 102 – Section 22.13-22.15.
22.7.2.1 Determining the split of debt and equity.
22.7.2.2 Treatment of transaction cost
22.7.2.3 Subsequent revisions.
22.7.2.4 Accounting for the liability.
22.7.2.5 Examples of compound financial instruments.
22.7.2.6 Compound Financial instrument example.
22.7.2.7 Accounting for the convertible option once exercised or option to exercise is not taken.
22.7.2.8 Allocation of transaction costs.
22.8.1 Extract from FRS 102 – Section 22.17-22.18.
22.8.2.1 Distribution of shares classified in equity.
22.8.2.2 Distributions on shares classified as debt (i.e. On shares classified on debt)
22.8.2.3 Disclosure of fair value of non-cash distributions.
22.9 Non-controlling interest and transactions in shares of a consolidated subsidiary.
22.9.1 Extract from FRS 102 – Section 22.19.
22.9.2.2 Accounting for acquiring a further controlling interest
22.9.2.3 Accounting for disposals of controlling interests but controlling interest retained.
22.10.1.1 Statement of changes in equity.
22.10.1.2 Accounting Policies.
22.10.1.3 Note to the financial statements.
22.10.1.4 Notes in relation to dividends
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Section 22: Liabilities and Equity
Summary
Section 22 addresses classification of financial instruments as a liability or equity and accounting for compound financial instruments. It applies to the accounting for equity instruments issued to owners of the entity and purchases of own equity.
What is new?
The requirements in Section 22.19 for increases and decreases of non-controlling interest to be accounted for as equity transactions differ significantly from old GAAP. Under old GAAP, an increase in minority interest can give rise to changes in goodwill and a decrease in minority interest to gains and losses.
Section 22 requires non-controlling interest to be included in equity and as an appropriation of profit and total comprehensive income (whereas other presentations were also seen under Old GAAP).
What is different?
Old GAAP (FRS 25) is more prescriptive in its guidance on puttable instruments imposing an obligation to deliver a pro-rata share of the net assets of the entity only on liquidation. It also addresses the reclassification (and accounting on reclassification) of such instruments between equity and financial liabilities which is not specifically addressed in Section 22.
Section 22 gives more specific guidance on the issuance of equity instruments including the treatment of equity instruments subscribed for but not issued. This was not specifically addressed under old GAAP. Section 22 specifically requires that equity instruments issued are measured at the fair value of the cash or other resources receivable net of direct costs of issuing the equity instruments.
Section 22.9 makes it clear that transaction costs should be deducted from equity whereas under old GAAP this was not specifically dealt with so some entities may have expensed the transaction cost.
The fair value of non-cash asset distributions must be disclosed under FRS 102. FRS 25 was silent on this issue.
What are the key points?
Equity is the residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all its liabilities.
A financial liability is:
- A contractual obligation to deliver cash or another financial asset; or
- A contract that will or may be settled in the entity’s own equity instruments and:
- under which the entity is or may be obliged to deliver a variable number of the entity’s own equity instruments; or
- will or may be settled other than by the exchange of a fixed amount of cash or another financial asset for a fixed number of the entity’s own equity instruments (Section 22.3).
If the issuer does not have the unconditional right to avoid settling in cash or by delivery of another financial asset, and settlement is dependent on the occurrence or non-occurrence of uncertain future events beyond the control of the issuer and the holder, the instrument is a financial liability of the issuer unless:
- The part of the contingent settlement provision that could require settlement in cash or another financial asset (or otherwise in such a way that it would be a financial liability) is not genuine;
- The issuer can be required to settle the obligation in cash or another financial asset (or otherwise to settle it in such a way that it would be a financial liability) only in the event of liquidation of the issuer; or
- The financial instrument has all the features described of a puttable equity instrument.
Equity should be measured at the fair value of cash received net of direct costs.
Compound financial instruments are instruments that contain both a liability and equity component. To make the allocation, the entity shall first determine the amount of the liability component as the fair value of a similar liability that does not have a conversion feature or similar associated equity component. The entity shall allocate the residual amount as the equity component (Section 22.13). Transaction costs should be allocated on basis of the respective fair value.
Once it has been determined that the instrument is a liability then it should be accounted for under Section 11 Basic Financial Instruments and Section 12 Other Financial Instruments Issues.
If the instrument is redeemable at the option of the holder and dividend is mandated then it should be treated as a financial liability.
Changes in Non-controlling interest which do not result in loss of control are accounted for as a transaction in equity.
Non-controlling interest to be shown as a separate component of equity.
Other standards affecting Section 22 where differences arise:
Section 35 – Transition to FRS 102 – A first time adopter does not have to split a compound financial instrument if the liability component is not outstanding at the date of transition (Section 35.8).
Section 35 – Transition to FRS 102 – Section 35.9 deals with non-controlling interests and allows the below to be applied prospectively from the date of transition to FRS 102:
- To allocate profit or loss and total comprehensive income between non-controlling interest and owners of the parent;
- For accounting for changes in the parent’s ownership in a subsidiary that do not result in loss of control; and
- For accounting for a loss of control over a subsidiary.
Section 11 – Basic Financial instruments and Section 12 – Other financial instruments issues – Accounting for financial liabilities which has been addressed in the respective sections of this guide.
Section 29 – Income tax – Current tax on any share issue costs recognised in equity need to be posted to equity whereas under old GAAP this was posted to the tax line in the profit and loss.
What do accountants need to do?
Be aware of the differences between old GAAP and Section 22 so that they can audit the transition and advise clients of its impact.
Review their client portfolio to see do any clients have preference shares or shares with unusual rights which may have both a debt and equity element i.e. compound financial instruments. If so, advise clients of the need to account for the debt and equity element on transition.
What do Companies need to do?
Be aware of the differences between old GAAP and Section 22 so that they can determine the adjustments they will need to post on transition to FRS 102.
Review the types of equity issued by the entity to assess whether preference shares or shares with unusual rights which may have both a debt and equity element exist and then determine the fair value of the debt element so that the accounting adjustments can be determined.
Be aware of the change in which increases and decreases in minority interests are accounted for i.e. an equity transaction.
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Example 1: Redeemable preference shares at option of the holder with mandatory coupon.
Example 2: Non-redeemable preference shares with mandatory coupon at market rate.
Example 4: Shares redeemable at the option of the holder
Example 5: Non-redeemable preference shares with discretionary dividend.
Example 6: Redeemable preference shares at option of issuer with discretionary dividend.
Example 7: Redeemable preference shares at option of issuer with mandatory dividend.
Example 13: Fixed for fixed arrangement
Example 13A: Application of Section 22.3(b)(ii) of FRS 102.
Example 13B: Future contingency amount Example 13C: Future contingency.
Example 14: Accounting treatment on original issue of shares.
Example 15: Accounting treatment on original issue of shares – left as unpaid.
Example 16: Capitalisation/bonus issue.
Example 17: Accounting treatment for a compound financial instrument
Example 18: compound instrument where conversion is chosen.
Example 19: compound instrument where conversion is chosen.
Example 20: Accounting for transaction costs in acquiring a compound financial instrument
Example 21: Acquiring a further controlling interest
Example 22: Acquiring a further controlling interest
Example 23: Disposing of controlling interest but controlling interest retained.
Example 24: Extract of Statement of Changes in Equity from financial statements.
Example 25: Extract from accounting policies note.
Example 26: Extract from notes to the financial statements – liability
Example 27: Extract from notes to the financial statements – share capital
Example 28: Extract from notes to the financial statements – dividends on equity shares.
Example 29: Extract from notes to the financial statements – disclosure of preference dividend/convertible loan in interest payable.
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